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The 50 Most Influential Living Psychologists in the World
org is an advertising-supported site. Featured or trusted partner programs and all school search, finder, or match results are for schools that compensate us, categorization dissertation effect essentialism induction social. This compensation does not influence our school rankings, resource guides, or other editorially-independent information published on this site. The word psychology literally means the study of categorization dissertation effect essentialism induction social soul from the Greek: ψῡ́χω, or psukhē.
As such, it is an academic discipline that is unique in the way it straddles the sciences natural and social and the humanities. On the other hand, categorization dissertation effect essentialism induction social, we moderns hardly believe in the soul that all those writers took for granted anymore, categorization dissertation effect essentialism induction social.
The soul has fled from the cultural battlefield where modern science has carried the day, leaving behind, at best, an ineffable entity we call the mind —-which is itself little more than a will-o-the-wisp hovering over the three pounds of pulpy gray matter inside the skull like a ghost lingering about a graveyard long after the funeral. For these reasons, psychology as an academic discipline is exceptionally diverse.
The field comprises a spectrum which merges at one end with soft disciplines like ethnology, sociology, categorization dissertation effect essentialism induction social, and the helping professions, and at the other end with hard disciplines like genetics, endocrinology, and neuroscience.
With the help of AcademicInfluence. com to get a base list of influencers, we have created the list below. For the purposes of this article, we have excluded persons whose primary academic affiliation lies in a philosophy department, or in one of the other humanities, or in some other social science.
While many on our list have a foot in more than one disciplinary camp, to be included here their main academic position had to be located within either a psychology department or a psychiatry department within a medical school. Certainly, we hope and believe that the work of the individuals listed here will be widely appealing just for its own sake.
But we believe the article has some value even beyond the inherent fascination of the subject of psychology itself. It is important because, whether we know it or not, the ideas of psychologists hold great sway in our society, and are of the foremost practical importance for public policy, especially in areas like criminal justice and economics. The list comprises individuals in approximately equal numbers from each of the five following sub-disciplines:.
Anderson was born in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, in in psychology from Stanford University in Today, he is Professor of Psychology with a joint appointment in Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. Anderson is a pioneer in the use of computers to model the architecture of the human mind, an approach known as rational analysis. He is perhaps best known for his ACT-R Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational proposal regarding the hypothetical computational structures underlying human general intelligence.
Anderson also engaged in careful experimental studies, using fMRI technology, in an effort to provide empirical support for his theoretical models.
Out this work came a number of insights now considered basic to cognitive science, such as, notably, the stage theory of problem-solving encoding, planning, solving, and response stagesand the decomposition theory of learning breaking down a problem into more-manageable components, also known as chunking.
In his path-breaking early work, Anderson collaborated with Herbert Simon and other giants in the history of cognitive science. In more recent years, he has been involved in the development of intelligent tutoring systems. The author or co-author of over peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, and the author, co-author, or editor of six highly influential books, Anderson has received numerous awards, grants, fellowships, lectureships, and honorary degrees, categorization dissertation effect essentialism induction social.
Inthe US National Academy of Sciences NAS bestowed upon him its prestigious Atkinson Prize. Ariely was born in New York City in to an Israeli family living there temporarily.
He returned to Israel with his family when he was three years old, and grew up in the town of Ramat HaSharon. in cognitive psychology in from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Ariely went on to earn a second doctorate in business administration in from Duke University.
He is currently the James B. Ariely and other behavioral economists see Daniel Kahneman, below replace this vastly over-simplified presupposition with a more realistic analysis of human motivation that takes into account many more factors that go into making real-world decisions. In particular, categorization dissertation effect essentialism induction social, he analyzes the many ways in which human beings are prone to cognitive illusions, and how such mistakes affect our lives.
In a nutshell, he believes that, just as we build the material world of buildings, tools, vehicles, etc. with our physical limitations in mind, so too ought we to design our social world of educational, financial, categorization dissertation effect essentialism induction social, legal, and political institutions with our cognitive limitations in mind.
Ariely, who is the founder of a number of private for-profit ventures, has become well known beyond the academic world for his best-selling popular books see belowhis TED talks, and his widely read Wall Street Journal advice column. Aronson was born in the Boston suburb of Chelsea in He received his Ph. in from Stanford University, where his dissertation advisor was Leon Festinger. He is currently Professor Emeritus of Psychology at the University of California, Santa Cruz.
Convinced that seemingly irrational behavior usually has a rational explanation, Aronson is also known for what he calls his First Law—-namely, People who do crazy things are not necessarily crazy. He is famous, too, for his contributions to the understanding and mitigation of interpersonal and interethnic conflict, including the idea of the jigsaw classroom, which is a technique for defusing tensions arising from interpersonal and interethnic competition in the classroom by means of organizing students into diverse teams, each member of which is responsible for one piece of the overall assignment hence the term jigsaw.
The technique has proved effective at fostering as sense of mutual reliance and team spirit in troubled school settings. In addition to The Social AnimalAronson has authored, co-authored, or edited some two dozen books aimed at popular and academic audiences, as well as an autobiography and a work of fiction for children. He has received awards too numerous to mention, including the William James Fellow Award for Distinguished Lifetime Contributions categorization dissertation effect essentialism induction social Scientific Psychology.
Baddeley was born in Leeds, categorization dissertation effect essentialism induction social, in the UK, in He completed his Ph. at the University of Cambridge in Categorization dissertation effect essentialism induction social is currently Professor of Psychology at the University of York in the UK. He is perhaps best known for his multiple components model of working memory the Baddeley Modelin which working or short-term memory is further analyzed into a central executive component and certain slave systems under its control, for example, the so-called phonological loop, which allows us to rehearse complex linguistic information to maintain its availability for working memory, and the visuo-spatial scratchpad, which stores information about the physical environment for use in the construction of mental maps.
The author or co-author of several hundred peer-reviewed research articles, Baddeley is the co-author of a prominent textbook, Memoryand has authored, co-authored, or edited numerous other influential volumes in the field. The author or co-author of some peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters, Baddeley is also the author, co-author, or editor of some half dozen books. He has received numerous awards, grants, fellowships, lectureships, honorary degrees, and other honors, culminating in his appointment as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire CBE and his appointment as a Fellow of the Royal Society FRS.
Bandura was born in Mundare, Alberta, Canada, in His father was an immigrant to Canada from Poland, while his mother hailed from Ukraine. He obtained his Ph. the following year from the same university, where he worked under the supervision of Arthur L. He is currently the David Starr Jordan Professor Emeritus of Social Science in Psychology at Stanford University. Thus, categorization dissertation effect essentialism induction social, he has situated himself at a point of intersection categorization dissertation effect essentialism induction social the social, cognitive, personality, and clinical sub-fields of psychology.
He was among the pioneering cohort of psychologists who rejected the then-reigning theory of behaviorism, which programmatically ignored the mental mediation of behavior. Moreover, he is considered to be the founder of social learning theory later known as social cognitive theoryand has been much concerned with its application to education.
Bandura first came to prominence for his work on aggression, particularly in children and adolescents. Inhe designed the famous and controversial Bobo Doll experimentto demonstrate how aggressive behavior in young children may learned from adults.
With time, however, Bandura increasingly abandoned external-force theories of learning and behavior in favor of an internal, self-organizing model which viewed the human being as possessed of genuine agency. He has sought to extend this approach to education with his theory of self-regulated learning, and to clinical psychology with his theory of self-efficacy, or self-control.
Bandura is the author or co-author of around categorization dissertation effect essentialism induction social journal articles and book chapters, as well as the author, co-author, or editor of some dozen books. The recipient of grants, fellowships, and other honors too numerous to mention, inBandura was awarded the US National Medal of Science. Barrett née Feldman was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in in clinical psychology at the University of Waterloo, in Waterloo, Ontario.
She is currently University Distinguished Professor of Psychology at Northeastern University, where she heads up the Interdisciplinary Affective Science Categorization dissertation effect essentialism induction social IASL. Her professional work has always focused on the emotions, primarily from a biological and cognitive point of view. However, like several other psychologists on this list, Barrett has come to see the value of interdisciplinary efforts to study the mind, categorization dissertation effect essentialism induction social.
The IASL positions itself at the crossroads of the sub-fields of social psychology, categorization dissertation effect essentialism induction social, psychophysiology, cognitive science, psycholinguistics, and neuroscience, while also drawing inspiration from such humanistic fields as ethnology and philosophy. She has also been deeply involved in developing new methods for studying the emotions, notably the experience sampling method, which is an effort to quantify and measure the quality of everyday life.
The IASL also employs the latest in high-tech brain-imaging techniques. With well over peer-reviewed papers and a half dozen books as sole author or co-editor to her credit, Barrett has received wide recognition in the form of honors and awards too numerous to mention, notably election as Fellow of the American Psychological Association APA in and the American Association for the Advancement of Science AAAS in Beck was born in Providence, Rhode Island, in His parents were Jewish immigrants categorization dissertation effect essentialism induction social the US from Russia.
He is undoubtedly best known as the person primarily responsible for the cognitive approach to therapy for depression, which in its modern form of cognitive-behavioral therapy CBT has become the gold standard for the clinical treatment of depression, with a much higher success rate than other types of psychotherapy.
Beck is also widely known as the author of the Beck Depression Inventory BDIa self-reporting questionnaire designed to measure the severity of depression, which has been revised twice and is still widely used, but which categorization dissertation effect essentialism induction social spawned a whole industry of similar inventories.
Beck was also an important contributor to the theory of learned helplessness. The indefatigable author or co-author of over peer-reviewed articles and the author, co-author, or editor of some two dozen technical books, Beck is one of the most highly esteemed and influential psychiatrists of the twentieth century. Berridge was born in He also received his Ph. from Penn, in He is currently Professor of Psychology and Neuroscience at the University of Michigan, as well as Director of the Affective Neuroscience and Biopsychology Lab there.
The master question that his lab raises and attempts to answer is the way in which affective states are generated in the brain, including pleasure, desire and appetite, emotion, and affective valence the subjective scale from positive to negative value according to which most affective states present themselves to us.
Berridge is the author or co-author of approximately peer-reviewed research papers and chapters of edited volumes, and is the co-editor with Morten L. Kringelbach of Pleasures of the Brain Oxford University Press, With a citation h-index that puts him in the 95th percentile of all scientists working in the biomedical field, Berridge has won many honors, including in election as Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science AAAS and in receipt of the Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award bestowed by the American Psychological Association APA.
Bloom was born in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in in cognitive psychology in from MIT. His doctoral dissertation on the subject of language acquisition was supervised by Susan Carey. He is currently the Brooks and Suzanne Ragen Professor of Psychology and Cognitive Science at Yale University.
More specific projects that have grown out of this overriding interest include the exploration of moral judgments in babies, of the categorization dissertation effect essentialism induction social that anger, disgust, and empathy play in the moral lives of adults, of our commonsense understanding of ourselves as possessing free will, of the nature of pleasure especially, the pleasure we derive from fictionof the psychology of religious belief and atheism, and of our commonsense feeling that our self, or soul, is separate from our body.
Through his popular books, his frequent op-ed pieces and essays in such venues as the New York Timesthe Guardianand the Atlantichis blogs on Slateand his interviews with National Public Radio NPR and elsewhere, Bloom has communicated his fascinating and influential ideas to a wide audience far beyond the normal confines of academia. Buss was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, in
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Since its earliest conception, Philippine education has continually stressed the teaching of basic competencies such as language, arithmetic, social studies and the sciences. That there are important things that every person must acquire from the school system and is the focus of A. Idealism C. Essentialism B. Existentialism D Nov 02, · The word psychology literally means the study of the soul (from the Greek: ψῡ́χω, or psukhē).As such, it is an academic discipline that is unique in the way it straddles the sciences (natural and social) and the humanities. On the one hand, as Sigmund Freud would have been the first to acknowledge, a wealth of psychological insight is contained in the myths and epic poetry of ancient ' '' ''' - --
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